Why Beauty id Truth by Ian Stewart - 1222 Words

Why Beauty is truth: A History of Symmetry by Ian Stewart is in depth on how mathematicians came about symmetry. Instead of coming across symmetry by geometry as someone today might think, Stewart shows how it became an idea by algebra. Most of the book is told in chronological order from the early Egyptians and Babylonians discovery of the quadratic equation and leading up to the impossibility to solve the quintic equation. Through each chapter we see how mathematicians get one step closer to solving the quintic, and their struggles they faced along the way. Early Equations The earliest record of the quadratic that we know of dates back to the Babylonians, solved on a tablet. Historians and Mathematicians do not have any clue about how the Babylonians came to solve the quadratic, but think that they came across is geometrically. Stewart shows how Euclid’s Elements of Geometry introduced the basic methods for constructing a proof. Included in Elements in Proposition 9 of Book I is how Euclid shows how to bisect an angle with only a compass and a straightedge. Elements did not include information on how to trisect and angle though, which could have been used for the construction of a regular 7-gon. It was Euclid’s Elements that inspired mathematicians to take it one step further and solve the things that Euclid had left out, such as squaring the circle with only a compass and a straightedge. The difficulty of these problems led mathematicians to change the way that theyShow MoreRelatedHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pages Sull and Charles Spinosa 90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben W. Heineman, Jr. 20 33 FORETHOUGHT HBR CASE STUDY Why Didn t We Know? Ralph Hasson 45 FIRST PERSON Preparing for the Perfect Product Launch THOU SHALT †¦page 58 James P. Hackett 111 TOOL KIT The Process Audit Michael Hammer 124 BEST PRACTICE Human Due Diligence David HardingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCharacteristics Model 263 Ethical Dilemma Spitting Mad 264 Case Incident 1 Multitasking: A Good Use of Your Time? 264 Case Incident 2 Bonuses Can Backfire 265 3 9 The Group Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Defining and Classifying Groups 272 Why Do People Form Groups? 272 Stages of Group Development 274 The Five-Stage Model 275 †¢ An Alternative Model for Temporary Groups with Deadlines 276 Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, Cohesiveness, and Diversity 277 Group Property 1: RolesRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManaging Change 121 121 147 147 Text 3. Why Organizations Change Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard

American Intercontinental University Free Essays

Aspects of Psychology Unit 5 GP American InterContinental University March 11, 2012 Abstract This paper discusses the Erickson theory of human development. It includes a description of the different parts of the theory as well as TV characters that fit into the various life stages. There are also reviews of three different case studies done on different parts of the Erickson theory. We will write a custom essay sample on American Intercontinental University or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aspects of Psychology Unit 5 GP Erickson’s theory of life stages and development helps us understand how each of us develops throughout our lives. It explains theories starting from birth and continuing on into life. It helps us to understand why people respond the way they do when presented with certain stimuli or put in certain situations. It explains attributes and possible factors that contributed to developing those attributes in people whether they are good attributes or bad. Human development is a complex and ever changing thing and the better we can understand it the better we will be able to respond to it and improve. Trust Vs Mistrust (birth – 2 years) starts with infancy until the age of two. If an infant grows knowing that he can trust a person because of them caring for his well being, attending to him and loving him, he will be full of happiness and very healthy. But if he doesn’t gain a sense of trust because of being ignored or treated badly by his parents, he will show a lack of interest in things around him and he will also have poor health. (Erikson,E. 2010). A character that represents this stage of life is Stewie Griffin; Stewie has mistrust for his parents and everyone in general. He is always left to do whatever he wants with little input from his parents and his father is rarely home. He resolves conflict by demanding he gets what he wants and nothing less will do. Autonomy Vs Shame and Guilt (2-3 years) at this stage is when the toddlers reach toddler hood, and she will start to get into things to stimulate her mind. She will do this away from her parents. (Erikson,E. 2010). She will tend to wander off by herself more at this time in his life, but if there is shame and doubt she will do the opposite. She will feel less confident and will not go into places he doesn’t know on her own. Maggie Simpson is a character that represents this stage of life. She regularly wanders off and gets into things she is not supposed to. She also tries new things without her parents being there to supervise because she would rather do it herself. Initiate Vs Guilt (3-6 years) this is when she starts to do something and will not stop until it’s done. On the other hand if there is guilt within her she will not look for challenges and will mostly likely not express who she is. (Erikson,E. 2010). A character that represents this stage of life is Lisa Simpson. Lisa is always striving to be the best; she has to get straight A’s in school or else she gets depressed and withdraws. She loves to play the saxophone despite her father being annoyed by it and is always looking for a challenge. Industry Vs Inferiority (6-12 years) at this stage he has a sense of industry he will show much interest in his school work and the duties he has at home, and he will show a responsible attitude towards things. If he has a sense of inferiority the opposite type of behavior would be shown, because he will feel like he isn’t capable of completing the given task. (Erikson,E. 2010). Bart Simpson is a character that fits this stage of life. He feels inferior and so he does things he knows are wrong on purpose because he believes if he tries to succeed in good things he will fail. When he does try he often gets discouraged before he can complete the task and reverts to destructive behavior. Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18 years) states that if he knows where he is going in life or at least he knows what he wants to be when he gets older he will tend to have a high level of self esteem. (Erikson,E. 2010). However if he has a sense of role confusion he will not have any long term goals with no sense of direction and suffer from low self esteem. Chris Griffin is in this stage of life. He suffering from role confusion and has no idea what he wants to do or even what he should do with his life. He even dressed up in women’s clothes at one point to see what it was like. He has a very low self esteem and lets himself be manipulated by others. Intimacy Vs Isolation (18 and on) at this point the stage of adulthood may be delayed until the adolescent is able to find himself. (Erikson,E. 2010). Even if the young adult is the adult age they may not reach adulthood until they are able to gather a sense of identity. If the adult has a sense of intimacy he will form close bonds with other people by making friends, and having romantic relationships with those of the opposite sex that sometimes leads into marriage. An adult with a sense of isolation will find it hard to make new friends and form relationship. (Erikson,E. 2010). They have a problem with understanding what a person may be thinking or feeling. They tend to spend most of their time alone and by themselves. Peter Griffin fits into this stage of life. Although he is grown and has a family he is still very immature and has not found himself. He has an easy time making friends and an easier time making a fool of himself. He often has to make stuff up to his wife because he has either misunderstood her or done something to embarrass her. Generativity Vs Self-Absorption (adult) is when an adult has a trait of generatively they are able to work productively which is built up over the years, and they may have a tendency of helping others. An adult with a sense of self- absorption is more self centered and care only of themselves. (Erikson,E. 2010). A character that fits into this stage is Homer Simpson. Although he sometimes does things to help others he is often very self centered and not interested in things that don’t directly benefit him. He regularly gets into trouble for doing things for his own benefit at the expense of others such as a auto dialer he set up to call everyone in town to ask them to send him a dollar. Integrity Vs Despair (old age) is when a person is content with dying, which means they can face death without being afraid and by having a peace of mind because they feel as if they have live a fulfilled life. A person with a trait of despair feels as if they wasted their life, and hasn’t been able to do what all they wanted to do. (Erikson,E. 2010). Abe Simpson fits into this stage of life. He is content with what he has done throughout his life and is ready to go anytime. He often says â€Å"if God wants me God can have me. † He has served his country in war and lived a long and productive life. Erik Homburger Erikson said â€Å"It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to have an even longer childhood. Long childhood makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it also leaves a life-long residue of immaturity in him†. He believed that the ego exists from birth and that behavior is not totally defensive. Erikson became aware of the massive influence of culture on behavior and placed more emphasis on the external world such as depression and wars (Intro to Psych, 2012). He organized life into eight stages from birth to death. His philosophy is based on two general themes. The world keeps getting bigger and failure is cumulative. We as humans have personality traits that have opposites. We think of ourselves as aggressive or passive, optimistic or pessimistic, a leader or a follower and independent or dependent for example. Many of these are inborn temperament traits, but other characteristics, such as feeling either inferior or competent appear to be learned, based on the experiences we have and how we are raised and the support we received growing up. A child who is not nurtured will more than likely not be a nurturing adult. A child who is shown a lot of love will probably show much love as an adult. In the study titled Reexamining Gender Issues in Erikson’s Stages of Identity and Intimacy, it seems that there are biased opinions on the intimacy and identity stages of Erikson’s theory in relation to women. According to several feminist viewpoints, the developmental tasks affiliated with identity and intimacy is different in women than in men. Researchers agree that women develop these stages differently based on the importance of their relationships. Some researchers believe that Erikson’s depiction of the advancement from identity to intimacy holds a virile bias; focusing on separation from instead of connection to, others (Horst, 1995). C. Gilligan, an author from Harvard University, feels that Erikson’s theory regarding Identity and Intimacy do not correctly portray female development. She believes that those two theories are fused into one, because women develop their identity through the connections they have with others. Erikson does state that the cycle of identity and intimacy is different in women; the female identity lies dormant until she meets the man that she will marry, and whose status will define her. This theory does reflect on the fact that female development is affected by their relationships with other. Gilligan did not necessarily dispute this claim; the basis for her argument was that Erikson did not go into enough detail regarding women’s experiences in these stages of development. Several other authors and researchers agree with Gilligan’s assessment of Erikson’s theory, stating that he did not base his findings with regard to gender diversities (Horst, 1995). In this study, Elisabeth Horst evaluates these critiques, stating that they are based on a serious misinterpretation of Erikson’s Theory. I feel that Horst’s evaluation strengthens Erikson’s theory, specifically the Identity and Intimacy stages. She states that at the time Erikson developed his theory; the life cycle theory, the epigenetic chart, and many findings on identity ere already developed and focused on masculine experience. His findings on gender differences came as an afterthought, or a modification to his original findings. Horst states that Erikson’s perception of women’s identity being found through marriage suggests that he opposes sexism, and proposes the female look at different perspectives in development. She feels that as long as people recognize sex differences, without them being overemphasized or underemphasized, development can flourish and role confusion can be eliminated. This is imperative in healthy development of identity and intimacy (Horst, 1995). I agree with Horst’s findings; Erikson does identify with sex differences to an extent, yet his theory is generalized to discuss basic theories of development. Having a sense of identity is to know where you are going in life and having goals to enable us to have higher self esteem. Having a sense of intimacy is developing relationships and forming connections with others to allow us to fully establish our identity, and adapt to our emotions. Regardless of pointing out sex differences, these stages do address critical parts of development accurately, in both men and women. In this current on-going study of integrating Biological, Behavioral, and Social Levels of Analysis in Early Child Development they are conducting studies of child salivary cortisol in a controlled development. In doing this they are taking a biological look at the social and behavior differences and changes within the early stages of life proving the existence of chemical changes within the body according to cultural, social, or behavioral surroundings in everyday life. Within this study they are looking into the autonomy vs. shame and guilt stage or Erik Erickson’s theory. Sethre-Hofstad, Stansbury, and Rice reported that in the context of a child’s introduction to a novel and / or a potentially challenging task, individual differences in maternal sensitivity predicted the degree of attunement in mother and child’s cortisol responsiveness (Granger, ; Kivlighan, 2003). These studies clearly illustrate that social forces moderate the expression of bio-behavioral relationships in children (Granger, ; Kivlighan, 2003). From a biological and chemical standpoint this strengthens Erik Erickson theory. The reason is besides being able to examine a child and study reactions and even the knowledge of the child which was passed from his mother or any other social parent there is also evidence within their cortisol showing differences in the subjects behavior or social patterns. If unsure of something or nervous of a situation he should not enter the levels are much lower than if the situation makes him relaxed which is brought on by his social life and what he has been around while with his parents. I agree with this study and am glad that it continues giving us insight to another form of tests to show differences in a child’s social and even cultural background. Being able to do this test or study can tell a lot about a person individually and what habits and even surroundings they see at home. Several of Erikson’s theories for human growth and development can be identified in the study that examines â€Å"Relationships Among Paternal Involvement and Young Children’s Perceived Self-Competence and Behavioral Problems†. The study examines a child’s behavior based on the involvement in their life from both parents which is stage 5 of Erikson’s psychosocial. Identity vs. Confusion is actually a child’s learning stage, which is the time that they began to develop a sense of self identity, it is also the time where they need proper encouragement and reinforcement because without it they could get confuse about the direction they would like to go (Cherry). The study concluded that the mothers who had high involvement from their children’s fathers saw a more positive behavior in their children but the fathers indicated otherwise. The study also associated that the children with fathers that where highly involved showed an increase in feelings about being accepted by their parents, which plays a role in their self competence and self esteem (Rex E. Culp ; 5 Stephanie Schadle, 2000). This particular study actually strengthens Erickson’s theories, because his study featured children at an early age which is considered their learning stage. This meant that they were developing self identity (Stage 5) which would cause a change in behaviors and it is also the time for proper guidance. Once the change in behavior was made they began to developed their identity which may cause them to act differently with one or both parents. That is the process that prepares them for the next stage (Cherry). I must say that I only agree with parts of the conclusion of the study itself. I agree that the feelings of being accepted are stronger with a child that is involved with both parents because they may feel that they have two sets of expectations to live up to and get confused about which direction to go in with a fear of disappointing one or both parents. This may also interfere with their ability to develop their self identity. I don’t agree about the changes in behaviors being more positive with the mother than the father because even the study recorded that after spending more time with the child the father appeared frustrated. The father’s behavior could’ve had an effect on the child’s behavior or he could have stated that because of his experienced frustration. Either way I just see the father as having the more authoritative tone and demeanor so I think the child more responsive and generally better behaved than they would be with their mother, but my theory is only base on personal experience. These studies of the different life stages should help in deciding on appropriate advertizing for the family oriented theme park that will be affective for their target audience. It will allow them to cater to the different interests and ideas of people in the stages of life they are making the advertisements for. By knowing how people tick and what motivates them it makes the job of effective advertizing much easier. These studies help us to understand what is important to different people based largely on their stage in life. References Cherry, K. (n. d. ). About. com Psychology. Retrieved February 23, 2012, from About. com Psychology: http://psychology. about. com/od/branchesofpsycholog1/a/positive-psychology. htm Cherry, K. (2012). Psychosocial Stages-The Eight Psychosocial Stages. Retrieved from. http://psychology. about. com/od/psychosocialtheories/tp/psychosocial-stages. tm Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychological Development. (2010). Retrieved from. http://nursing-resource. com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychological-development/ Granger, D.. , Kivlighan, K. (2003). Integrating Biological, Behavioral, and Social Levels of Analysis in Early Child Development: Progress, Problems, and Prospects. Child Development, 74(4), 1058-1063. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Horst, E. A. ( 1995). Reexamining Gender Issues in Erikson’s Stages of Identity and Intimacy. Retrieved on March 8, 2012 from How to cite American Intercontinental University, Essay examples

Consumer Behaviour Purchasing and Comparison Process

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behaviourfor Purchasing and Comparison Process. Answer: Introduction The decision making process involves various complexities in all the stages involved. Thus, the consumer decision-making process is also a combination of complexities starting from the stage of recognition of problems to the stage of after purchase actions undertaken. The needs and requirements vary with the consumers; everyone has a different mindset regarding their lifestyle on a daily basis (Gabriel and Lang 2015). The complexity may arise here, as the opinion of consumers varies for a product in particular. In addition, the selection, evaluation, purchasing and comparison process among the different products vary from one consumer to the other (Oliver 2014). Thus, the importance of realizing the major issues and complexities has become an important point of view for the majority of the companies and public. They have started understanding in order to utilize the realized theories into practice for better future. The different facts and findings by various researchers have ultimately headed towards a common consensus as the various theories and models, which had been developed over time, are slightly different from each other. The theories about the consumer processes are similar for all the stages from the purchase of the products and services to the stage of the post purchase activities carried on by the consumer (Karimi et al. 2015). The most common model, which is followed for the consumer decision making, is the Five Stage Model and as the name suggests, it involves five steps or stages (Birkland 2014). It is also too precise, clarifies the arguments, and issues related to all stages and thus adapted and accepted by the majority. It is a simple model and illustrative and explanatory in nature, which helps in the decision of purchase, and others required on a daily basis. The steps are discussed as below: Problem or Need Recognition The first step is the recognition of the requirement or the existence of problems. The recognition takes place once when there is a situation of the consumer realizing the reason of differences, between the desired state and the actual state of dealings along with the requirements. The basis view was that the needs and requirements varies based on the situations and circumstances which an individual faces as a whole. It can be either personal or professional and thus helps in the idea of purchase. An example can be where; a consumer might realize that instead of desktop computer, a laptop might be required as it can be carried anywhere and used in various places (Hair 2015). The needs of individuals are categorized under two types of nature being psychologicalandphysicalneeds. The emotions and other feelings fall under the psychological needs and the necessities and requirements fall under the physical needs (Lurie 2016). A major contention was that a consumer might not know or be aware about the need for a particular product until and unless one is encountered with a product or service. In other words, the engagement of an individual and encountering with the products and services helps in the awareness for the need of such products. For example, an individual might like and need the product once he goes for window-shopping or once when he comes across the media advertisements related to some products and services or similar encountering of various circumstances. The argument was resolved by an explanation, which provided that human needs have no limits and confinements. The human beings have a dissatisfactory nature and thus once a need gets satisfied, the other one arises in just a short span of time (Zipf 2016). The recognition of problems is recurring in nature, which thus makes it difficult to know the ultimate requirement of any individual. It can never be constant or unvarying in nature for any set of individuals or consumers. Information Search The second stage reflects the research of information or particulars of the needs recognized in the first stage. Before making the decision of purchase, a customer will like to search for more information related to the product required. Every customer has a different set of processes and knowledge for gathering such information required. While few of them might want to rely on their experiences from past, the others would depend on the feedbacks provided from the peers and other people. The process of research about the product is complex in nature as it is very hard to judge the actual nature of the required products and services. Thus, the process of searching is divided into internal and external search procedures. The internal search carries on the comparative analysis of the alternatives available from the experiences and knowledge gathered through their own feedbacks based on their own experiences (Hellstrm et al. 2015). For instance, one knows his taste and requirement of food is fulfilled by applying their own knowledge and taste. The advice of other individuals is not necessary in such cases. While on the other hand, the search done externally involves the cases in which larger purchases are to be undertaken like gadgets and appliances. For example, new cell phone and cars requires the suggestions of peers and media like the advertisements or magazines. The argument here involved the attractive role of the internet, which gets reflected in the professional and personal lifestyle of the individuals. The individuals are turning towards the resources provided through the internet. The internet provides a detailed range of information on the various categories of products and particular brands (Babin and Zikmund 2015). Thus, the online reviews and feedbacks are affecting the public at large, which is in disagreement and argued. It is creating a huge impact upon the stage of the search of the information as people are accepting the facts and feedbacks as provided by the internet community. The peers and family members are also one of the highlighted sources of information. But, here the process depends upon the level of relationships and influences exerted by such peers and relatives. Thus, in general an individual does not undergo the pain of searching the required information as they easily rely on the information collected by the relatives and peers (Runco 2014). Evaluation of Alternatives The third stage compiles the evaluation procedure carried out for the alternatives available for the choices considered in the first and second stages. Thus, the above two stages helps in the determination of the third stage. The next step after the information being gathered from the above steps constitutes the comparison and evaluation of the information to make the right selection (Fiksdal et al. 2014). The stage contains the analysis of the customer of all the information acquired through the research done. It also considers a variety of substitutes and compares them according to the wants and desires. In addition, other variety of aspects such as size, worth, brand name and quality are considered at this stage. Consequently, this stage is considered the most significant stage throughout the entire consumer decision-making course In addition, there was a controversial aspect regarding same that, the evaluation process would become harsh and difficult in nature as it could prove to be time consuming along with a greater amount of pressure upon the consumers. The human needs changes on an uncertain basis and thus it becomes tough for finding the products and services which would prove to be ideal and satisfactory for the consumer. The factors causing hindrance on the consumer decision making are numerous and thus the difficulty arises. Few of the factors are the cultural, economical, age, taste and other aspects. The old people generally go after the quality while the younger find the design a major factor in taking decisions to buy a product (Case et al. 2016). Even, the endorsement done by great celebrities prove to be a major factor as it causes a great impact on the evaluation of the decision making process of the consumers. The people follow their idolized celebrities while purchasing a product or service, as they dream and crave towards resembling their hero icons. Purchase Decision After the research and evaluation of such products, the consumer has to carry on the decision of purchasing. It is therefore the most important and critical step of the whole process. The final decision of purchasing the required product is taken by the consumer after reviewing the whole process under the above three steps (Fleischmann et al. 2015). There can be various factors affecting the decision of the purchase by the customers. The stock might get out and delay might be caused by other factors causing uncertain scenarios. Thus, the consumers might shift on to online purchase rather than physical purchase. It is to be kept under special purview that the impacts created on by the sales managers must not be too forcing in nature. The sales managers play an important role in influencing the decisions. Hence, the sales management must not be too abrupt in nature for higher effectiveness. Post-Purchase Evaluation Lastly, the ultimate stage of the decision making course of action is the stage of the post-purchase evaluation. After the procurement and takeover of the preferred product takes place, the companies ignore the post purchase assessment as they think this stage to be an unwanted and unnecessary one. Nevertheless, this stage can turn up to become the major integral part of the decision making process as they can get feedback of the consumers and record the same for the future use. The company must record the response, whether it is positive or negative so that they can know the demand in near future for the particular products (Sunyansanoa et al. 2013). A supporting view was provided which cited that the decision making process is a cyclical action and also that, a good knowledgeable and experienced person can be helpful in lowering the uncertain position which takes place for the next time of purchasing the product or services. Also, after buying the goods and services the peers, family members and other close ones opine about such products which can turn to be a major factor affecting the outcome of the evaluation of the post purchase (Sethna and Blythe 2016). These lines were supported by others as it was accepted that the opinions of the peers positively reflect and creates an impact on the satisfaction level of the customer without considering the level of objectivity. The authors had stated that the consumers respond either positively or negatively. They may get either satisfied, or dissatisfied. This would depend upon the evaluation of the purchase and comparative study of their expected thoughts and materials. The customer becomes experienced with the outcomes and it helps to give a better and direct impact upon the following decisions to be made by the consumers in the short or long run. The decision becomes easy for the same product and if brought from the unchanged seller (Tietenberg and Lewis 2016). Thus, it is a simple concept i.e. if the purchaser is satisfied, the purchase might be repeated. On the other hand, if it is unsatisfied it is not likely that the consumer might buy the same product at all. Thus, it is important to note the after purchase evaluation procedure from the customers, rather than ignoring it easily. Conclusion Consumer decision-making process is thus an integral and never ending procedure as discussed above. The process goes through the various stages and all the stages are equally important. All the steps and stages must be effectively summarized and recorded to get hold of the major techniques, to maintain the consumer base. Though the tastes and needs of the consumers change frequently in nature, the issue of the never ending needs can be met up by the analysis and assessment by the management and companies. The observable behaviors can help the assessment of an individual customers needs and requirements. Thus, the buying and decision making process of a customer is too analytical on the cost benefit analysis as there are huge alternatives present in the market environment. Thus, it is unreal to assume a perfectly rational economy for such decision-making procedures. Sometimes, there might be a skip of all stages, i.e. the consumers can directly jump onto the purchasing stage, without searching and collecting information and even evaluating the alternatives for the desired product. However, it must systematically in order to get an efficient and effective decision-making through the company and management. References Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Birkland, T.A., 2014.An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts and models of public policy making. Routledge Case, D.O. and Given, L.M. eds., 2016.Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behavior. Emerald Group Publishing. Fiksdal, A.S., Kumbamu, A., Jadhav, A.S., Cocos, C., Nelsen, L.A., Pathak, J. and McCormick, J.B., 2014. Evaluating the process of online health information searching: a qualitative approach to exploring consumer perspectives.Journal of medical Internet research,16(10), p.e224. Fleischmann, B., Meyr, H. and Wagner, M., 2015. Advanced planning. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 71-95). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Gabriel, Y. and Lang, T., 2015.The unmanageable consumer. Sage. Hair, J.F., 2015.Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Hellstrm, C., Hammer, E. and Martin, E., 2015. Blog influence on consumer information search: From a consumers perspective. Karimi, S., Papamichail, K.N. and Holland, C.P., 2015. The effect of prior knowledge and decision-making style on the online purchase decision-making process: A typology of consumer shopping behaviour.Decision Support Systems,77, pp.137-147. Lurie, N.H., Berger, J.A., Chen, Z., Li, B., Liu, H., Mason, C., Muir, D.M., Packard, G.M., Pancras, J., Schlosser, A. and Sun, B., 2016. Everywhere and at All Times: Mobility, Consumer Decision Making, and Choice. Oliver, R.L., 2014.Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Runco, M.A., 2014.Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice. Elsevier. Sethna, Z. and Blythe, J., 2016.Consumer Behaviour. SAGE. Sunyansanoa, S., Farquhar, J. and Czarnecka, B., 2013. Consumers post-purchase evaluation for repurchase intentions of credence products: Empirical evidence from Thailand.Journal of Retailing,76(2), pp.193-218. Tietenberg, T.H. and Lewis, L., 2016.Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge. Zipf, G.K., 2016.Human behavior and the principle of least effort: An introduction to human ecology. Ravenio Books.